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Electronic Payment Methods and Their Impact on Financial Inclusion Using the ARDL Methodology for Iraqi Commercial Banks

    Authors

    • Ayed Jassim Abood
    • Yusra Rasim Jabbar
,
10.33916/qjae.2025.Specialissue0281288
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Abstract

The research aims to highlight the impact of electronic payment methods on financial inclusion, especially through an applied analysis based on real data from the Iraqi banking sector using the ARDL model, which allows us to study the relationship between economic variables in the short and long term. The research concluded that there is a joint integration relationship, and the presence of a long-term direct equilibrium relationship that moves from all independent variables (number of ATMs, number of cards, points of sale) towards the dependent variable (the aggregate index of financial inclusion) for Iraqi banks.

Keywords

  • Electronic payment methods
  • financial inclusion
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AL-Qadisiyah Journal  For Administrative and Economic sciences
Volume 27, Special
February 2026
Pages 281-288
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  • PDF 633.78 K
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How to cite
  • RIS
  • EndNote
  • Mendeley
  • BibTeX
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Statistics
  • Article View: 8
  • PDF Download: 11

APA

Jassim Abood, A., & Rasim Jabbar, Y. (2026). Electronic Payment Methods and Their Impact on Financial Inclusion Using the ARDL Methodology for Iraqi Commercial Banks. AL-Qadisiyah Journal For Administrative and Economic sciences, 27(Special), 281-288. doi: 10.33916/qjae.2025.Specialissue0281288

MLA

Ayed Jassim Abood; Yusra Rasim Jabbar. "Electronic Payment Methods and Their Impact on Financial Inclusion Using the ARDL Methodology for Iraqi Commercial Banks". AL-Qadisiyah Journal For Administrative and Economic sciences, 27, Special, 2026, 281-288. doi: 10.33916/qjae.2025.Specialissue0281288

HARVARD

Jassim Abood, A., Rasim Jabbar, Y. (2026). 'Electronic Payment Methods and Their Impact on Financial Inclusion Using the ARDL Methodology for Iraqi Commercial Banks', AL-Qadisiyah Journal For Administrative and Economic sciences, 27(Special), pp. 281-288. doi: 10.33916/qjae.2025.Specialissue0281288

VANCOUVER

Jassim Abood, A., Rasim Jabbar, Y. Electronic Payment Methods and Their Impact on Financial Inclusion Using the ARDL Methodology for Iraqi Commercial Banks. AL-Qadisiyah Journal For Administrative and Economic sciences, 2026; 27(Special): 281-288. doi: 10.33916/qjae.2025.Specialissue0281288

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