Abstract: (Nonlinear Systems Theory: philosophy underpinnings, its approaches and practices in business organizations in the 3rd millennium)Prof. Dr. Saleh A. Rashid / College of Administration and Economics - Al-Qadisiayah UniversityDr. Mahmood F. Abid Ali / College of Administration and Economics - Karbalaa UniversityDr. Hussein F. Ward Al-badri / College of Administration and Economics - Al-Qadisiayah UniversityAbstract: Rabid complex changes of global business environment, increased environmental uncertainty, high levels of developments in informational communications, liberty of governmental entries, and increased competition among global companies, due to the desire of these companies to extent it’s activities, enter new markets, and target (local, international, global) customers, all of these factors had being led to increase the complexity of the task of managements of business organizations in current era, and it became cannot-as in the past-practice it’s activities according to systematic approaches continuously. So, the business organizations want today new approach which enable it to deal with the complexity of the variables in global environment, which have random behaviors, which effete on its objectives and performance. Due to all of above, this study comes to discuss, the conceptual zations (underpinnings), approaches, and applications of the nonlinearity systems theory and what which relate to it (two theories; chaos and complexity), in order to reach to some important conclusions, and some suggestions which may guide to the business organizations, especially the Iraqi organizations.

Abstract: The purpose: the current of and empirical study aims at knowing the extent to which Zain and Asia cell companies perform organizational ambidexterity and strategic flexibility As well as revealing the effect of organizational ambidexterity with its sub-dimensions (optimal Exploitation of the opportunities, finding new market opportunities, Flexible organizational structure) as an interpretational variable and using strategic flexibility as a responsive variable with its sub-dimensions (production flexibility, competition flexibility, human capital flexibility, market flexibility).Design/methodology: In order to achieve the objectives of the study and answer its questions in the study tested the mobile sector in Iraq, specifically in Zain and Asia Cell. Study and applied to a sample of (72) director in both companies distributors in several administrative levels (board members, directors, or commissioners, directors of departments, division directors, managers and units, managers offices). The study used questionnaire is a key tool for the collection of data and information. Has sought to test the hypothesis of the impact statement effect relationships between the variables of the study, and for the processing of data and information used several statistical methods and results were extracted using the computer program (pct v.17 SPSS).Value of the study: the study has reached a group of hypothetical and applied conclusions of which are the high level of the primary (organizational ambidexterity and strategic flexibility) and subsidiary (the best use of opportunities, searching for new opportunities, organizational structure flexible, flexibility, productivity, flexibility, competitiveness, flexibility of human capital, flexibility, market) in the two companies Alambhuthtin, having a significant effect to the variable of organizational excellence in the strategic flexibility, and these results were consistent with the hypothesis in this aspect. The study provided perhaps the most important set of proposals to continue to adopt the idea of organizational ambidexterity in the field of research the two companies, with other proposals.

Abstract: It has become the world of management today, the scene of change, which requires the Director to develop methods of management and their capabilities to meet the requirements of change and solve problems, so training is management is only the ability of the manager to engage in exercises ongoing to resolve administrative problems and this supports that training is important not only just to improve the performance of managers with regard to decision-making but also on their abilities in dealing with other organizational phenomena.From this point lies the importance of this study by demonstrating the impact of training in managerial decision-making rational for managers through the use of statistical program for social sciences, known as (SPSS), was the most important results of the study is the feeling of managers that they are eligible and do not need training, and lack of training programs to improve the skills of senior leadership, and the most important findings of the study is to work to deepen the faith of the importance of training managers and through the recognition of the need to.

Abstract: Take this search after marketing strategies in customer loyalty through its application in the General Company for Southern Cement in Kufa, as the constantly changing needs and requirements of customers and increase the degree of complexity of the environment surrounding the organization and the growing degree of competition and breadth of markets, and the varying characteristics have made business organizations are looking for ways and methods and procedures of would retain their customers , and here the company has realized the importance of adopting appropriate marketing strategies represented Bmngarath the (product strategy, price strategy, promotion strategy, distribution strategy) versus customer loyalty.This research also seeks to achieve the following objectives :1.The level of recognition and customer loyalty towards the company surveyed .2.Identify relationships and effect link between marketing strategies and customer loyalty in the company surveyed .For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research were formulated several hypotheses have been tested by a group of statistical methods Perhaps the most prominent of the arithmetic mean weighted , standard deviation and correlation coefficients and linear regression, were extracted results based on statistical program (spss-v-20) has adopted a research questionnaire as a key tool in data collection , as well as personal interviews with some members of the sample. It questionnaires were distributed on the sample surveyed , which is in two parts.The first part ( 83 ) : affiliate, included upper and middle leadership represented by managers and their assistants and heads of departments .Part II (83): a client of agents who deal with the company.The search had reached several conclusions , notably:1.There is a correlation between marketing strategies and customer loyalty.2.No effect relationship of significance to the marketing strategies and customer loyalty.3.And there is an acceptable level of customer loyalty towards the company and its products.Search also took a number of recommendations , namely:1.The need for company's interest in the study population larger marketing strategies as a factor in the company's activities in general and the impact on customer loyalty in particular.2.Need the attention of the company's management customer loyalty in general because of the fun of role in the survival of organizations and continuity.

Abstract: The bank financing is an important tool to finance the external sector, and the numbers reflect the amount of funding granted and do not clearly reflect the fact of the financial position of the bank. and the importance of research is to clarify the size of the funding for both public and private sectors and improve the requirements for opening the letter of credit and acceptance of letters of guarantee. the aims of research to identify the amount of funding granted to the two sectors during the period (2005-2010). is The research problem in the economic situation experienced by Iraq, which is reflected in the operations of bank financing. The research premise hypothesis that the size of the bank financing granted to the foreign sector did not represent the required level, and has been shown that the amount of funding is increasing during the study period, and this was a reflection of trade liberalization and the signing of several trade agreements.

Abstract: The application of the most important branch of economic theory because it helps to identify the factors that explain consumer preference for purchases of various goods and services within the country and what are the factors affecting the demand such as changes in prices and wages, and is one of the most important sources of food in the world that existed since the dawn of history, and is considered crop of wheat and rice of the most important grain crops that consume large quantities in the world as a result of their nutritional value high and contains vital energy to the human body so it has Dipt countries of the world to work Gahd to meet human needs of these Asalatan through the empowerment of the planned economic forecasting future demand and thus the ability to secure the corresponding display this on the one hand and the other hand, the expansion of development projects horizontally and vertically to achieve the well-being of the highest level of society.

Abstract: As required working particular changes in the real market importance changes in the Exchanges price for domestic currency, So as to transfer the differences effectiveness for the changes by Economical activity in International Economy. In addition to Exchanges rate and other factors express for the differences expectation to capital movement , distribution and re-distribution the wealth and income between alternative using so as to achieve the growth and development and increasing per capita for the personal and society, A current account ,Balance payment and capital movement. United States of America had been selected as study case for period 1990-2012 as to resources for the data . The research prove direct and indirect effectiveness to Exchanges rate, money supply, gross domestic product, saving and investment on a current account deficit and public Budget deficit.

Abstract: Facing developing countries in general and Arab countries in particular problems and obstacles in its ability to provide domestic capital sufficient to achieve an acceptable level of investment to natural and human resources, most of the Arab countries suffer from low average per capita GNP as well as low and declining growth rates compared with states advanced, not to mention widespread problems of poverty, unemployment and high inflation and economic and social problems other a lot, and as a result had most of the Arab countries in the last decades of the last century to rely on foreign capital as a means to support their local resources and achieve growth rates of appropriate economic, and address the problems of the deficit in the balance payments and trade balance and the state budget, and it was for foreign direct investment of great importance in being a source of financing for development in these countries as well as being a source of transfer of modern technology and technical skills through the multinational corporations that are investing in these countries in various fields and various projects, which provides host countries if they did well to use and guide those investments an opportunity to address its economic problems and develop the growth of various sectors .

Abstract: Occupies the process of evaluating the effectiveness of the tax system great importance to the work of economic units and various government departments, so it helps to make sure on the ability of the tax system to achieve the desired objectives, and attention to the application of the basic rules that will help the tax system advancement incident for the better, and interest in administering the tax and interest of the most importantslides within the community tax and are senior taxpayers (telecommunications companies and cell phones, banks and oil companies) for their contribution by a large margin in tax revenue . as the tax administration of the General Authority for taxes have worked to limit those charged with two units Tkhmonatin their own a unit of fifteen and seventeen and planted confidence and Waltaaonmutual between the parties to the process of settling accounts of tax (the tax administration, auditors, joint stock companies and limited and solidarity) which is the basis for increasing tax revenues and financing of the general budget of the state tax revenue .

Abstract: The aim of this study is to clarify the concept of corporate governance and the importance and the mechanisms and characteristics of them and the foundations for their application, and to identify the historical roots back to them this concept, as well as to clarify the concept of social responsibility and how it accounted for, and stand on the interest of the Iraqi banks listed in the Iraqi market for securities areas of responsibility social accounting and disclosure for the social costs resulting from these activities, and the relationship between the two concepts under the agency theory and the theory of stakeholders, as well as the supervisory role played by private governance mechanisms on the costs of social responsibility. For the purpose of achieving the goals of the study has been drafted four hypotheses, related to the first extent of a statistically significant relationship between the internal mechanisms of governance combined (Board of Directors - property management - concentration of ownership) with the rate of growth in social costs, while came all the hypotheses second, third, fourth and the extent of the presence of a statistically significant relationship between the internal mechanisms of governance each individually with the growth rate in the social costs of Iraqi private banks at a rate (50) Show and for the period of 2007-2011.The study found a number of results, including the need for banks to build a sound system of governance and follow the instructions and laws issued locally and internationally, in addition to the need for the Iraqi banks apply the accounting for social responsibility in all its aspects and attention to social costs by building the structure of a sound social costs and disclosed, and understand the relationship between these two concepts through role that governance mechanisms in the social costs of control.

Abstract: This research aims to an attempt to study the impact of the development of products, namely (the development of product specifications, development of product quality and the advanced technology) in the purchasing decision, and investigating the difference in the purchasing decision of the consumers of Pepsi products in Diwaniyah province, depending on the different demographic specifications and for the purpose of achieving the aims of the research, the researcher distributed a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, this questionnaire has been distributed on the research community which consisted consumers of Pepsi products in Diwaniyah province, and in light of that. the data were collected and analyzed and testing hypotheses using the statistical program SPSS, after that the research found a number of results, the most important was the presence of the impact of statistical significance to develop the specifications, the development of products quality and technology used in the purchasing decision and the lack of a statistically significant difference in the purchasing decision for consumers, depending on gender and income as well as the presence of a statistically significant difference in the purchasing decision depending on the age and educational level. The most important of recommendations highlighted by the research is the need for care about product quality through the care of wrappers used in packaging the products of companies under study increase the perceived value among consumers and focusing on the technology used and caring about it to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.