AL-Qadisiyah Journal For Administrative and Economic sciences

Abstract Analysing bank performance through financial statements involves financial analysis, a basic technique in this regard. A clearer picture surrounding the operational and investment goals of a bank can be derived through the reasoned and systematic application of financial ratios. Here, the relationship between the measures of financial analysis and performance is the main focus. As part of a practical analysis, the research will be addressing the financial statements of Iraqi banks using the Iraq Stock Exchange data in the following sections.

Abstract The analysis of the impact of green finance on the financial performance and investment efficiency of Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange is one of the main objectives of this study, given the growing global trends toward integrating sustainability principles into banking and financial activities, along with the increasing interest in assessing the economic effects of green finance on the performance of financial institutions. The study used a descriptive-analytical approach with panel data from eight Iraqi banks during the period from 2020 to 2025, totaling 48 observations, which were based on data, extracted from annual reports and published financial statements. Green finance was measured using a composite Green Finance Index based on five indicators reflecting the extent to which banks adopt environmental initiatives, policies, and disclosures. While financial performance was measured using the return on assets (ROA) indicator, investment efficiency was measured by the ratio of total investments to total assets. For data analysis, a set of standard tests for Panel Data was used, including stationarity tests, model selection, and diagnostic tests, followed by estimating regression models using the fixed effects model with robust standard errors. The results showed a positive and statistically significant effect of green financing on both financial performance and investment efficiency, indicating that increasing banks' adoption of green financing practices contributes to improving profitability and enhancing the efficiency of utilizing their investment resources. The study recommends developing banking policies that support green financing, enhancing environmental disclosure, and integrating sustainability standards into banking strategies to support financial stability and sustainable development in Iraq.

Abstract This study examines the impact of intellectual capital on firm value, emphasizing the mediating role of financial performance. It applies the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) model to a sample of industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The main problem addressed is that many firms continue to rely primarily on physical capital while neglecting human capital and innovation, which are essential components of intellectual capital and key drivers of competitive advantage and value creation.
A descriptive-analytical methodology was adopted to investigate the relationships among the study variables. Financial data were collected from the annual reports of 11 industrial companies over a five-year period from 2020 to 2024, resulting in 55 observations. The data were analyzed using correlation matrix analysis, linear regression, and the SPSS statistical package to test the research hypotheses and determine the nature of relationships among variables.
The study variables include intellectual capital as the independent variable, measured through human capital, structural capital, and capital employed. Financial performance is treated as a mediating variable and measured using indicators such as return on assets, return on equity, earnings per share, and net profit margin. Firm value is the dependent variable and is measured by the year-end closing share price.
The findings indicate a significant positive relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance, as well as between financial performance and firm value. The results further show that intellectual capital has an indirect effect on firm value through financial performance, confirming the mediating role of financial performance. Additionally, the impact of intellectual capital components varies, with human capital and capital employed showing stronger effects than structural capital. Overall, the study concludes that improving intellectual capital efficiency enhances financial performance and ultimately increases firm value in industrial companies.